Marketing Project Essay Example for Free

Marketing Project Essay Q: Conduct a household or market survey and report on the buying motive of consumers as regards price and quality, consumers being classified by age, sex and income given certain selected products. * Choose any five consumer durable products/services of high demand. (i.e., products with life span greater than 3 years.) FORMAT: * Main page (Name, Class, Year, Marketing Project) * Title (question) * Table of Contents * Explain buying motive and its types. * Introduction and information about each of the products chosen (only consumer durable objects; types are – medium expensive and very expensive). * Target group of customers for each product in brief. (Age; sex; income group etc.) * Must: Mention gender and age if product is bought a certain gender or age group only, along with reasoning for the same. * Form questionnaires with (10-15 questions) and do a survey with 10 customers. Make sure that the questions can be answered in sentences or provide statements with options. DO NOT use Yes/No questions. * Eg: What is the primary reason for which you buy this product? What other benefits do you derive from the product? Is the product convenient to use? Is the product safe? Is the product worth the value paid for realization? * Following the questionnaires, make a report for each and every product separately explaining the buying motive and reasons they buy it for. (1 page per product.) * Draw conclusions from the results of your questionnaires, graphs, reports, etc. * Depict graph (depending on any 5 criteria you have mentioned in your questionnaire in a bar diagram) for the number of consumers surveyed. * Add pictures and symbols throughout your presentation to add colour and life. * The project can be made using either MS PowerPoint or MS Word. Format of a Questionnaire: QUESTIONNAIRE TITLE ( Eg: Survey conducted to estimate buying motive of a product) (This survey is conducted by students of OOEHS for a marketing project. Kindly fill in the required details) Name: Location: (Start with your own questions.)

The Theories Of The New World Order

The Theories Of The New World Order Originally, the term conspiracy theory was used to describe any claim of civil, criminal or political conspiracy. However, it has come almost exclusively to refer to any fringe theory which explains a historical or current event as the result of a secret plot by conspirators of almost superhuman power and cunning. To conspire means to join in a secret agreement to do an unlawful or wrongful act or to use such means to accomplish a lawful end. The term conspiracy theory is frequently used by scholars and in popular culture to identify secret military, banking, or political actions aimed at stealing power, money, or freedom, from the people. A conspiracy theory can be argued as an alternative to the official or mainstream story of events. But if one were to look into conspiracy theories today, they will largely find that thinking about a conspiracy is associated with lunacy and paranoia. Some websites suggest it as an illness. I find it very strange as some of the greatest discoveries of all time were initially received as blasphemous conspiracy theories think of the revelation that the earth was not the center of the universe, or that the world was not flat but actually round. Novus Ordo Seclorum New World Order For decades, the New World Order has been a prominent conspiracy theory. The Oxford English Dictionary defines New World Order as: A new or alternative model of social organization, interaction, or control; (Polit.) a new balance of power among nations, sometimes as manifested in arrangements established internationally for preserving political stability; esp. (in recent use) the state of global politics and the global economy following the end of the Cold War. According to Wikipedia: In conspiracy theory, the term New World Order or NWO refers to the emergence of a bureaucratic collectivist one-world government. It is a worldwide conspiracy being devised by a group of extremely influential individuals, including many of the worlds wealthiest people, top political leaders and corporate elite, whose goal is to create a one-world fascist government, stripped of nationalistic and regional boundaries, obedient to their agenda. The elite of this group are united primarily by Satanism, Luciferianism or Spirit Worship. In truth, I believe, it is something far more sinister than what we are made to believe. In his documentary, End Game, Alex Jones has tried to explain that for the New World Order, a world government is just the beginning. Jones has researched on the global elites bloody rise to power, how they are behind the bloodiest of wars, the dictatorships, the tyrannies and the revolutions. From Islamic point of view, this idea of a New World Order is somewhat similar to that of the age of Dajjal. One which is ruled by confusion, tyranny and trials for Muslims. New World Order An Overview: Zionist banker Paul Warburg said: We will have a world government whether you like it or not. The only question is whether that government will be achieved by conquest or consent. (February 17, 1950, as he testified before the US Senate). In 1992, Dr. John Coleman, an analyst of world affairs, identifies the New World Order agenda of world control as: A One World Government and one-unit monetary system, under permanent non-elected hereditary oligarchists who self-select from among their numbers in the form of a feudal system as it was in the Middle Ages. In this One World entity, population will be limited by restrictions on the number of children per family, diseases, wars, famines, until 1 billion people who are useful to the ruling class, in areas which will be strictly and clearly defined, remain as the total world population. There will be no middle class, only rulers and the servants. All laws will be uniform under a legal system of world courts practicing the same unified code of laws, backed up by a One World Government police force and a One World unified military to enforce laws in all former countries where no national boundaries shall exist. The system will be on the basis of a welfare state; those who are obedient and subservient to the One World Government will be rewarded with the means to live; those who are rebellious will simply be starved to death or be declared outlaws, thus a target for anyone who wishes to kill them. Privately owned firearms or weapons of any kind will be prohibited. (Conspirators Hierarchy: The Story of the Committee of 300, pg 161) In the preface to his book Descent into Tyranny, Alex Jones states that the New World Order system of world conquest has always been visible but it is so hulking and massive that it has remained hidden in plain sight: One of the most common pre-conditioned responses I hear from the average compartmentalized individual is that there couldnt be a society of people working for world government. Those in denial proclaim, Its too bigà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it would unravelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they couldnt keep it hiddenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The globalists plan is so far along that now they must admit that world government is a reality. Their propagandists are hailing the New World Order as the only system that will keep us safe and secure. In reality it is the world government itself which is conducting the terrorist acts. The Illuminati is the oldest term commonly used to refer to the 13 bloodline families that make up the core of these elite, the perpetrators of the New World Order, also believed to be Freemasons. In 1776, Dr. Adam Weishaupt founded the Bavarian Illuminati, a secret society modeled on Freemasonry, an Order of Masons, descendants of the Knights Templers, who called themselves The Illuminated, whose initial aim was to abolish Christianity and overturn all civil government. Writers such as David Icke believe that the Illuminati survived and are still manipulating world events by infiltrating powerful governments of the world. The great strength of our Order ties in its concealment; let it never appear in anyplace in its own name, but always covered by another name, and another occupation. Adam Weishaupt Using their covert methods, they drove the people into conflict and war, fully realizing the potential of the divide and rule policy, profiting from the sale of arms in the process. Wars also served other purposes for them, like making the people easier to control and influence because in times of turmoil, people turn to their kings for protection. From the shadows they have engineered every major war, revolution and recession. They control everything you read, everything you hear and everything you see. They have managed to indoctrinate an entire populace to their way of thinking and have infiltrated key positions in places of authority and it is from the shadows they have created a new political order, a new economic order and most sinister a new religious order. Their ultimate aim is total global domination and they will stop at nothing to reach their goal. The goal that was outlined in a speech given by a former President of the United States, George Bush What is at stake is more than one small country it is a big idea a New World Order. Contrary to popular belief, the term New World Order was not coined by George Bush. It is an ancient plan of the secret and occult societies of the world. The illuminati are interconnected families who believe Lucifer is their spiritual father and they do his bidding. They plan their diabolical agenda through societies like the Freemasons, Bilderbergs, Zionists etc, never revealing themselves, always remaining behind the veil. Famous families believed to be members of this occult society include names like the Rockefellers, Rothschild and Vanderbilt families. The goal of the Illuminati is to destroy all governments and religions to bring the world under their own control. That is the central idea of the New World Order. The agenda is to have one world government with the biblical Antichrist as the ultimate world leader. The reach of these people stretches through all areas of society, from the production of food and medicine, to governments, banking institutions, entertainment, and what not. All major world events are carefully planned and carried out by them. World events that most people see as chance or coincidence are actually a deliberate plan to disempower people and gain more control. For example, the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Almost the whole world knows by now, that the 9/11 attacks were not what they were made to appear. But still people are skeptic about the existence of secret societies and their involvement in major world events. The reason for this is that they have been programmed or brainwashed to react this way to these claims. What we believe to be public opinion is in fact carefully shaped and scripted propaganda designed to elicit a desired behavioral response from the masses. What influences our opinion the most? The media! And who controls the media other than the global elite. O f course they use it for their own agendas. The NWOs Role in Shaping History: Most of the major wars, political upheavals, economic depressions, recessions of the past centuries were carefully mapped out and prompted by these elites. Both the World Wars, the Great Depression, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the fall of the Soviet Union, the Iraq War and the French Revolution are examples of major events orchestrated by the elements of the New World Order, shaping the course of history. The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia was the work of Jewish planning and Jewish dissatisfaction. Our Plan is to have a New world Order. What worked so wonderfully in Russia, is going to become reality for the whole world. The American Hebrew Magazine, 10, Sept. 1920 The Rothschilds financed the American Revolution. Their aim was to strengthen their hand against the King of England. That is why Freemasonry is so central to American history. When their agents got control of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board in 1913, they immediately began preparations for war. Armed with American wealth, they triggered World War I. They deluded the peace-loving Americans into the war by sinking the Lusitania. They were also able to subdue their long-term nemesis, Imperial Russia, by creating the Soviet Union. World War II was staged for several reasons: to reduce the worlds population, to gain profits and to scare the Jews out of Europe and into Palestine. At the end of World War II, the Masonic group tried to cement their control of the world by creating the United Nations. At the time, they controlled all 5 permanent Security Council members. They have since lost China and Russia. In America, the Rockefellers and their fellow barons began a long-term program to complete their enslavement of the American people. They quietly and systematically gained control of the media, the text-book publishing companies and, by spreading their wealth liberally and strategically, were able to distort education. How It Works: The NWO global conspirators carry out their agenda through the skilful manipulation of human emotions, especially fear. In the past centuries, they have repeatedly used a mechanism that NWO researcher and author David Icke has characterized in his book The Biggest Secret, as Problem, Reaction Solution. First, they create a problem , mostly by funding, assembling and training an opposition group to stimulate turmoil in an established political power that they wish to invade. In recent decades, the so called opponents are being identified as freedom fighters or liberators by the media, (for example, the most wanted, Taliban). At the same time the leader of the said state or country is vilified, (like the case of Saddam Hussein). The controlled media reports about the horrific atrocities suffered by the innocent civilians at the hands of the tyrants. The NWO puppeteers then provide the solution by sending in UN peace keepers or NATO forces. Once there, these troops never leave. They gain control. The goal is to control all major countries or strategic areas where significant resistance to the New World Order is likely to be encountered. The corporate portion of the NWO pyramid is dominated by international bankers, oil barons and major multinational companies. The United Nations, and all the agencies working under it are full-time players in this scheme. NATO is their military tool. The leaders of all major industrial countries like the United States, England, Germany, France, i.e. the members of the G7, G8 etc. are all active and fully cooperative participants in this conspiracy. The degree of influence exerted by the Illuminati or Freemasons has advanced to the point that only certain hand-picked individuals who are groomed and selected by them are even eligible to become the prime ministers or presidents of countries like the US and UK. Human rights infringements, a planned global economic meltdown, false war on terrorism, false war on global warming, oppressing the supposed terrorists, oppressing the remaining free world, are all part of their duties as heads of states or holders of other key positions in the government. There is a chance for the President of the United States to use this disaster to carry out what his father a phrase his father used I think only once, and it hasnt been used since and that is a new world order- Senator Gary Hart, Council on Foreign Relations meeting, 12 September 2001 Weapons of the New World Order: Historically, the control and manipulation of political opinion has been the main weapon in gaining control of states. The New World Order agents realize that their plan for a world government depends entirely on subduing the masses to their agenda and thus eliminating opposition to their cause. The greatest threat to their plan, greater than any army or law, is the threat of a free thinking mind. In order to eliminate this threat, they have devised plans to completely control every aspect of our lives. Your lives and the weapons they are using against you are in your very homes, entertaining you and gradually indoctrinating you without you even realizing. In todays society people are spending more and more time engaged with modern media. Television, Cinema, Computer Games, The Internet, Popular Fiction and Popular Music are integral part of their lives. Yet these provide a vast expanse on information which you are taking either consciously or subconsciously into your mind. Information on society ranging from ideals and morals and the difference between right and wrong to the way societies and economies should be structured is past before you every single day. The Antichrist/Dajjal cannot arise until and unless this paradigm shift in spiritual values has occurred. A closer look on our society reveals that this shift is in fact, taking place, whether we realize it or not.

Analysing Business Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility Philosophy Essay

Analysing Business Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility Philosophy Essay The question of business ethics has been at the forefront of business studies for several decades. It is an issue that has been discussed by everyone from philosophers to economists, many of whom placed an emphasis on the social responsibility of corporations and their shareholders. With the unprecedented success and profits that corporations have experienced within recent history it is no surprise that ethical problems may arise. However, is it the responsibility of corporations to help eradicate such problems even if doing so is in direct conflict with shareholder interests? This paper will explain the stakeholder and stockholder theories of corporate management and argue in favor of the stakeholder theory on the basis of the harms the shareholder argument poses in terms of both social responsibility and the stability of the corporation. In order to fully concretize its argument it will use research of Edward Freeman, Milton Friedman, and John Boatright. Stakeholder theory is one of the most well-known theories of business management. Managing for stakeholders is based on a set of relationships among groups which have a stake in the activities that make up the business. This can include but is not limited to customers, suppliers, employees, stockholders, banks, etc. Executives play an integral role in the activity of the business since they are expected to look after the health of the overall enterprise, to keep varied stakes moving in roughly the same direction, and to keep them in balance. (Freeman R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholdersp.63) Freeman explains that the primary duty of the executive is to create as much value as possible for stakeholders. Where stakeholder interests clash, the executive is required to work to find solutions and bring these interests together. Executives must understand that business is fully situated in the realm of humanity. (Freeman R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholdersp.64) The benefit of the stakeholder theory is that businesses, and the executives who manage them, actually do and should create value for customers, suppliers, employees, communities, and financiers (or shareholders). Edward Freeman explains in his paper The Purpose of the Corporation that the model of business is no longer workable, is resistant to change, not consistent with the law, and for the most part, simply ignores matters of ethics. He states, each of these flaws is fatal in the business world of the twenty-first century. (Freeman, R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholders, pp. 56) By using the stakeholder as a basic unit of analysis, it is more difficult to ignore matters of ethics. To explain this, Edward Freeman argues that the primary responsibility of the executive is to create as much value for stakeholders as possible, and that no individual stakeholders interest is more important than that of another stakeholder. This in turn guarantees the rights of all the stakeholders. T he problems that pose risk lie within the shareholders capitalism theory. Furthermore, if the stakeholder theory is examined, one would find that all stakeholders have rights and if one is denied theirs, the others are undeniably affected. Edward Freeman further supports this with an argument about character. He explains that one of the strongest arguments for stakeholder theory concerns character because it asks executives and entrepreneurs to consider the question of what kind of company they want to create and build. (Freeman, R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholders, p. 66) Finally, Freeman poses the pragmatist argument which seeks to know how we can live better, how we can create both ourselves and our communities in ways where values such as freedom and solidarity are present in our everyday lives to the maximal extent. (Freeman, R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholders, p.66). For the pragmatist, business and its close relative capitalism have evolved into a social practice, an important one that we use to create value and trade with each other. Consequ ently, the stakeholder model is always aiming to find the best possible solution for all parties involved in the corporation. Its social responsibility lies within the company as a whole. Social responsibility comes in many forms and recognizing any one form means it is required to recognize all. Conversely, Friedman states that if these are social responsibilities, they are of individuals not of a business. (Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profits, p.52) He contends that, in any situation, the executive would be spending someone elses money for the social responsibility. For example, if the executive makes expenditures on reducing pollution beyond the amount that is in the best interest of the corporation; and he then must hire hard-core unemployed applicants instead of better qualified workmen, he is spending someones money by reducing returns to stockholders for his environmental responsibility and lowering wages of some employees by spending what he would have given to a more experienced employees. According to Friedman, if the employees, stockholders, or consumers, want to spend their money towards social responsibility then it is their money and their decision. Friedman concludes his paper by stating; in my book Capitalism and Freedom, I have called it a fundamentally subversive doctrine in a free society, and have said that is such a society, there is one and only one social responsibility of business to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud. (Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profits, p.55) Friedmans point here can be used to understand the stakeholders benefit because it is its own form of social responsibility. Who is to say that social responsibility can only be defined in narrow terms? What is clear is that no one set of criteria can unequivocally define it and if under these ambiguous circumstances a corporation manages to achieve it, then it has guaranteed the rights of the stakeholders, thus creating social responsibility. Moreover, John Boatright explains that advocates of stakeholder management are correct in their insistence that the modern for-profit corporation should serve the interests of all stakeholder groups. Where stakeholder management fails is in its refusal to recognize that a business organization working in the interests of shareholders does not have to be in conflict with the interests of stakeholder groups. Boatright assumes that this failure is due in large part, to a second mistake on the part of proponents of stakeholder management. Stakeholder management assumes that management decision making is the main vehicle by which the benefits of corporate wealth creation are distributed among stakeholders, but these benefits can also be obtained in other ways; namely by groups interacting with a corporation through the market. This is where Boatright is taking a risk in his argument because he wants the corporation to obtain its benefits externally when it can be done internally. The bene fit of the stakeholder theory is that all the rights are guaranteed from the top down, top stakeholders all the way to the consumers at the bottom of the model. When all stakes have their rights preserved by the executive equally, there is no need for the corporation to act in the best interest of the shareholders solely. The managerial model positions its shareholders at the center of the firm as the principal group for managers to worry about. Increasing shareholder value has become common wisdom in modern business and many companies have instituted complex incentive compensation plans aimed at aligning the interests of executives with the interests of shareholders. (Freeman, R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholders page.57) Edward Freeman poses three arguments in regards to shareholders. Firstly, he explains that management of the firm becomes separated from the ownership of the firm and in order to be successful the top managers of the company were required to satisfy the owners, employees, suppliers, unions, and customers. If managers worried about the shareholders only, the stakeholders will in turn be harmed. When the stakeholders are harmed, the whole corporation is harmed leading to instability. From another angle, Freeman explains that the model poses harm and risk because it is so rigid. It unabashedly puts shareholders interests over and above the interests of customers, suppliers, employees, and others, as if these interests must conflict with each other. The only change that matters is the kind that is oriented toward shareholder value. In addition, Edward Freeman also explains that the law of corporations gives a less than clear answer to the question of in whose interest and for whose benefit the corporation should be governed. It has evolved to give a de facto standing to the claims of groups other than shareholders. Even more harmful is the fact that the shareholder model is not consistent with basic ethics. Practically any business decision has some ethical content or concern. Milton Friedman refers to this by stating that, responsibility of the executive is to make profits subject to law and ethical custom. The purpose of ethics is to create a better world for all of us. (Freeman, R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholders p.60) Numerous theorists have argued that the main reason that the dominant model of managing for shareholders is a good one is that it leads to the best consequences for all involved. These arguments invoke Adam Smiths idea of the invisible hand, whereby each business actor pursues her own self-interest and the greatest good of all actually emerges. (Freeman, R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholders p.65) However, in reality, each business actor can have a different approach and a different idea of their own self-interest which in turn, may harm the corporation internally and externally. Although the stakeholder concept has been developed in various ways, it has expressed the moral prescription that managers, in making decisions, ought to consider the interests of all above those of the few. This is proven in the laws that have evolved to protect the interests of local communities and employees of corporations through unionization. Laws such as The Equal Pay Act of 1963, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, The Clean Water Act of 1977, and the Clean Air Act of 1990, all have helped stakeholders to achieve a great level of equality. The laws that are relevant to business have evolved differently around the world, to take into account the interests of groups other than just shareholders. (page 58) The dispute between stockholder and stakeholder management revolves around the question of how best to enable each stakeholder group or corporate constituency to benefit from the wealth-creating activity of business. Stakeholder management is correct in its emphasis on the moral requirement that every stakeholder group benefit from corporate activity and to make managers aware of their responsibility to create wealth for the benefit of everyone. The stakeholder management theory is superior to the shareholder theory because in such a system of corporate governance, all the groups would share the control of the firm. Hence, the interests of the involved stakes would be to maximize the profit for all stakeholders. The most important point, however, is the social responsibility of the managers to their corporations. As has been proven, the stakeholder management theory has the responsibility to assure the stakes interests and rights through a clear guideline that has been proven to work in modern day corporations.

Lego Dacta :: essays research papers

The â€Å"Input-Output† principle means basically that all input devices get the information in and the output devices show the result. Inputs Temp1 (Temperature Sensor) = It measures the temperature. Touch2 (T or F Sensor – something pressed) = It works when you touch it. Light5 (Changes in Light) = It lights up. Angle6 (Angle changes) = It measures the angle of the devices. Outputs MotorA (Motor runs) = It’s a moving device i.e. a motor. LampB (Light go on) = It’s a light up device i.e. a lamp. These are the different control terms used in Lego Dacta: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Talkto = It talks to output devices. For example - talkto â€Å"motora †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On/off = It switches on output devices. For example - talkto â€Å"motora, on, wait 100, off. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alloff = It switches off all output devices. For example - talkto â€Å"motora, on, setpower 3, wait 30, setpower 5, wait 30, setpower 7, waituntil [touch2], off, wait 30, on, rd, setpower 3, wait 30, setpower 5, wait 30, setpower 7, wait 30, alloff. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wait = It holds devices running for a certain amount of time. For example – talkto â€Å"motora, on, wait 100, off. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Waituntil = It makes devices wait until the procedure in the brackets becomes true. For example – talkto â€Å"motora, on, setpower 3, wait 30, setpower 5, wait 30, setpower 7, wait 30, waituntil [touch2], off, end. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RD = It reverses motora. For example – talkto â€Å"motora, on, setpower 3, wait 30, setpower 5, wait 30, setpower 7, waituntil [touch2], off, wait 30, on, rd, setpower 3, wait 30, setpower 5, wait 30, setpower 7, wait 30, alloff. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Setpower = It changes the speed of motora. For example – talkto â€Å"motora, on, setpower 3, wait 30, setpower 5, wait 30, setpower 7, wait 30, off. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To/end = It starts/finishes a procedure. For example – to forward1, talkto â€Å"motora, on, wait 100, off, end. Lego kits can be used in different businesses and organisations like offices, car parks, arcades and banks.

Neural Networks in Investments Essay -- Computers Technology Investing

Neural Networks in Investments I. ABSTRACT Investment managers often find themselves overwhelmed with the large amount of data obtained from the financial markets. Most of the data available is numeric and noisy in nature, making the decision-making process harder. These decisions usually rely on the integration of statistical measures that attempt to compress much of the data and qualitative depictions such as graphs and bar charts with news events and other pertinent information. Investment decisions usually involve non-linear relationships among the various components of the data. Computers in general, are very adept at dealing with large amounts of numeric information. However, some algorithms are crucial in analyzing and combining disparate information that can impact security prices. Artificial Intelligence based methods uses clever algorithms and rules of thumb (heuristics) in the decision-making process. Neural Network and expert systems applications have been successfully deployed in the domain of Finance, and in the area of investment management. This paper discusses the basics and the theory behind neural networks and provides an introduction to an application area of neural networks in the domain of Finance. The application areas of Neural Networks discussed in the paper are corporate finance, financial institutions, and the professional investor. The purpose of the second paper will be to discuss the specifics of each of these applications. II. INTRODUCTION Neural network computing is an information processing method that was developed from research to make computers that could imitate the way people learned. The field initially grew from 1930s ideas about how biological systems like the human brain works... ...in of finance is essential for further development. V. REFERENCES 1. Deboeck Guido J., Trading on the Edge: Neural, Genetic, and Fuzzy Systems for Chaotic Financial Markets, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1994. 2. Trippi Robert R., Lee Jae K., State-of-the-Art Portfolio Selection Using Knowledge Based Systems to Enhance Investment Performance, Probus Publishing Company, 1992. 3. Refenes Paul, Neural Networks in the Capital Markets, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1995. 4. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications on Wall Street, April 19-22 1993, New York City. 5. Neural Network Resources on the World Wide Web, http://www.med-web.com/nnres/ 6. Neural Network Toolbox, http://www.mathworks.com/products/neuralnet/ 7. Neural Network WWW References, http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/sci/neural/www/www-catalogue.html

Evaluating Automobile Fuel Essay

The alternatives to liquid fuels are compressed gases and electric power, however, both are viewed as inferior by the automotive industry. The gases are inferior in terms of energy content per unit volume. Electric power may be stored on board a vehicle in a battery or (for a short time) in capacitors. However, batteries are regarded within the automotive industry as substandard compared to liquid fuels in terms of energy stored by unit weight and volume. Furthermore their cost is high, and the manufacture of some battery types involves large quantities of scarce or environmentally-threatening materials including cadmium, lead, lithium, nickel, sodium, sulphur and zinc. According to the already mentioned just-auto report entitled The future of road vehicle fuels – forecasts to 2020 (January 2008), the International Energy Agency’s World Energy Outlook 2007 found that around 230m barrels of oil equivalent are required to meet global demand each day. Of this total, liquids account for the largest share of the 230m barrels (37%) followed by coal (23%) and natural gas (21%), leaving a 19% contribution from nuclear and sustainable sources. Of the liquids, however, transport use accounts for more than half (51%), with the remainder going to industry (32%), residential and commercial (11%) and power generation (6%). The residential and commercial share is mainly accounted for by oil-fired central heating, and the small power generation share by gas turbines running to meet peak loads. It follows that the transport sector share of the world energy market is just over half of 37%, in other words some 19% or just under one-fifth of the total. It should also be borne in mind that the transport sector is itself divided into light-duty vehicles (privately-owned passenger vehicles and light commercial vehicles), heavy-duty vehicles, and other transport applications (aircraft, ships and diesel railway engines). The light-duty and heavy-duty sub-sectors take about 40% each, and the other applications some 20%. The search for improved efficiency in the transport sector must therefore embrace both light-duty and heavy-duty road vehicles.

Critical Analysis and Evaluation of “1984” by George Orwell Essay

George Orwell, whose real name was Eric Blair, was born in Bengal, India, in 1903. When he was eight years old, as it was customary, his mother brought him back to England to be educated. He was sent to a boarding school on the south coast, a school whose students were sons of the upper class. He was allowed in with lower tuition and not being from a wealthy background, he was subject to snobbery of the others at the school. In 1917 he went to Eton on a scholarship and he enjoyed himself, making friends and reading many books. Orwell graduated in 1921 and instead of going on to a university; he joined the Civil Service and went to Burma as a sergeant in the Indian Imperial Police. He served as a policeman in Burma from 1922 until he took leave in 1927 and resigned his post. Orwell now had time to think and he decided to live among working-class people in Paris and among the tramps in England for more than a year. During these years he worked as a schoolteacher and got married. Both he and his wife kept a village pub and a village general store. All of these experiences led up to the basis for his first book, Down and Out in Paris and London, which was an autobiographical work he published in 1933. This was his first book and he used the name George Orwell. He explained later that he took the last name from an English river near where he lived and the first name as being typically English. The latter part of his work was written primarily about different things and places that he had experienced. For example, he wrote, Homage to Catalonia, from his experiences in the Spanish Civil War and A Clergyman’s Daughter, makes use of his teaching experiences. Orwell died at the young age of forty-seven from neglected lung  ailments. In his death he left behind a growing reputation for greatness and the conviction that modern man was inadequate to cope with the demands of his history. It is not apparent that Orwell used any sources in his writing of 1984. If he had, they were not included in my copy of 1984. The Author’s Views I feel that George Orwell wrote 1984 as a warning after years of brooding on the twin menaces of Nazism and Stalinism. He wanted to lay out the basis of what he thought the world could become. By writing this anti-utopian story, I feel he hoped to frighten us so that we might be on our guard. If a certain city knew of a tornado on the rise, they could be prepared. But, if that tornado hit that same town and they were not expecting it, the potential damage could be far greater. Orwell was warning us. The position the author takes on his story seems to be a hopeful one. He hopes that Winston will end up defeating Oceania’s mad system of government and find true love with Julia but he is not writing a love story. He planted his seed (the plot) in some nasty soil. The environment in which he set his story would only allow for Winston to get so far before Big Brother got the best of him. He clearly felt sympathy for Winston but he also wanted to make his point for the book clear. Wintson would have to love Big Brother. 1984: In Review Winston Smith, a physically insignificant man of thirty-nine, is Orwell’s principal protagonist. He works in the Records department of the Ministry of Truth, revising the past as it appears in the newspapers, and he is tired of living under the paternalistic government of Oceania. Waking up every morning in this mad society has turned him slowly into a rebel. He first started writing in a diary, which was looked at with suspicion by the Though Police. Writing would record history as it really occurred and this was exactly what the Big Brother did not want. Big Brother is the name of a person that does not exist. He is the major political figure in Oceania that opposes everything Emmanuel Goldstein is about. If one takes the position that â€Å"the party is correct,† than Big Brother becomes God, President and ultimate friend. Goldstein, on the other hand, preached that Big Brother was wrong and eventually had to flee from Oceania because of his growing hatred. The videotapes with which he spoke against Oceania’s politics and Big Brother were used in the daily Two-Minute Hates. In this period of time, work ceased and everyone gathered around a telescreen, large, flat television screens that pervaded Oceania. Goldstein appeared on the telescreen and everyone was to scream and mock this man, for he was not right. A young woman, Julia, instigates a liaison between herself and Winston. Rebelling against Big Brother, they make love, which Winston believes is a severe thoughtcrime. He felt that sexual relationships accompanying love would result in a loyalty between individuals that is contrary to the desires of the Party. They then rent an apartment and take comfort that O’Brien, a vigorous, intelligent man of mysteriously high rank in the Inner Party, is their friend. O’Brien lets Winston read a seditious book. This book describes the relationships of Oceania with Eastasia and Eurasia. Once O’Brien had enough evidence to convict Winston and Julia, the two were arrested in their rented room. They were imprisoned in the Ministry of Love where O’Brien put Winston through the first two stages of his retraining. Over the nine months of â€Å"rehabilitation† he learned to love O’Brien and they conversed as if friends. The last stage came in the dreaded Room 101, where Winston was made to face what he secretly feared most, rats. He betrays Julia and is subjugated physically, mentally, and emotionally. All that remains is for Winston to love Big Brother. Personal Evaluation of Book and Author George Orwell is an excellent author. Before I was introduced with 1984, I read Animal Farm and this gave me a taste for his writing. In both Animal Farm and 1984 alike, Orwell’s writing was easy to adapt to. His style of writing helped my understanding of the book and made it enjoyable. In 1984, he presented a very interesting scenario similar to Nazi Germany. I believe  that Orwell put much effort into this book and made his story very realistic. As I read along, there was nothing which seemed too out of reach or too unbelievable. His protagonist, Winston Smith, was an ordinary citizen in Oceania by appearance but his thoughts and actions were radical according to Big Brother. Orwell in a sense let me down by letting the worst catch up with Winston and having Big Brother be the final destruction of him. This, though, I feel had to happen to fulfill the authors purpose for writing the story. He wanted to lay out the idea of an anti-utopian society and, I think he hoped by presenting it, that it might not happen. I believe that he fulfilled his purpose in writing the story and that he laid out a warning for the potential dangers of totalitarianism. His book was at first thought to be too radical but the more it was read and reread, he seemed to be right on target. He proposed a very interesting story with endless possibilities. Reading 1984 was a learning experience. I learned the value in speaking out against the majority. I also learned the danger in allowing groups to gain too much power. When I was reading the book, I forgot some political aspects about W.W.II and I went back to a report I had written on that subject. After reviewing the war, it made me realize how well Orwell set his thoughts out through the book and how he formulated an interesting story. Orwell might not have been the most creative of all authors but I learned that this did not matter. He worked hard on such an elaborate plot that it was not necessary to be that creative. This was a fictional piece of literature and therefore I could not agree or disagree with the knowledge I previously knew about the book’s subject. Though, the book speaks of a society that was remarkably similar to Nazi Germany. I recommend this book to anyone. It was well written and thoughtful ;I will always remember its impact on me. The best thing about it was that anyone could pick up this book and get the jest of it. It was not imperative to understand what utopia meant or have any knowledge of W.W.II, Nazi Germany, or the Soviet Union or to understand the book. As I had said before, I had to refresh my history of W.W.II but this did not hinder me from enjoying the book.